INTELLIGENCE
REPORT
# 20010708
By: LTC (CAMCO)
Enrique Fernández
U.S. DELEGATION ARRIVES IN CUBA IN ADVANCE
OF AID
HAVANA, Cuba -- Members of an
interdenominational religious group opposed to the U.S. trade
embargo against Cuba arrived on the communist island Wednesday
evening in advance of 80 tons of humanitarian aid traveling here by
sea. The Rev. Lucius Walker, founder of the nonprofit Pastors for
Peace, said the group of about 90 people -- most of them Americans
-- hoped to return home later with some sort of Cuban product to
demonstrate its opposition to U.S. restrictions on Cuban
imports
Top Court Rejects Indefinite
Alien Detention
WASHINGTON - The U.S. Supreme Court on Thursday stated the
federal government may not keep criminal immigrants in prison
indefinitely until the Unites States persuades a country to take
them. The high court, by a 5-4 vote, handed a stinging setback to
the federal government, which argued that immigration officials may
continue to detain an illegal alien beyond the 90-day removal period
if the alien cannot immediately be sent home.
Bush Picks Prosecutor Mueller to Lead
Troubled FBI
WASHINGTON - President Bush nominated federal prosecutor
Robert Mueller on Thursday to head the FBI after blunders at the
agency including an accused spy in its ranks and mishandled
documents in the Oklahoma bombing case.
Mueller, the U.S. attorney in San Francisco, served as the
acting deputy attorney general this year and helped to oversee
high-profile cases like the Pan Am 103 bombing as head of the
Justice Department 's criminal division under Bush's father, former
President George Bush.
Hanssen Plea Bargain
Robert P. Hanssen, former FBI counterintelligence agent
and traitor, has reportedly struck a deal with the government in
which he will plead guilty to charges of spying for Moscow and
receive a life sentence. A 'change of plea' hearing has been
scheduled for 9 a.m. Friday 6 July 2001 in Alexandria before U.S.
District Judge Claude M. Hilton. As part of the deal, the government
will drop its demand for the death penalty and Hanssen will sit for
extensive debriefings with FBI, CIA and other U.S.
counterintelligence agents. The government can also require Hanssen
to undergo a polygraph examination. He will not be sentenced for six
months to allow time for the debriefings. Hanssen's wife, Bonnie,
and their six children will reportedly receive benefits under his
government pension earned for his 27-year "service."
The Hanssen case is the most serious act of spying in the
history of the FBI, and quite probably worse than the case of former
CIA agent Aldrich H. Ames. The latter betrayed our agents within the
Soviet intelligence structure - a true loss. But Hanssen also
betrayed critical national security and intelligence systems and
procedures. It is for that national security reason -- the fact we
may now be relying on systems and procedures that have been
compromised -- that the Intelligence Community must find out all it
can about what was provided to the Soviets - and now possibly still
in the files of Russian or other foreign powers. Only in that light
does the plea bargain make sense.
Intelligence Community Review
Starts
Two panels will be convened this week to begin
top-to-bottom reviews of the nation's intelligence capabilities, to
be completed in only three short months -- by September. Under a
directive issued by President Bush to DCI George Tenet in May, the
two panels are directed to conduct "independent, but parallel,
reviews" of four areas: (1) twenty-first century intelligence
threats and priorities; (2) current capabilities; (3) new and
"highly advanced" technologies for intelligence collection and
analysis; and (4) possible reorganization of the community.
The first panel is headed by retired General Brent
Scowcroft, a former National Security Advisor in the Ford and
(senior) Bush administrations, and also mentioned as the prospective
Chairman of the President's Foreign Advisory Board (PFIAB). This
panel will be composed of up to ten "outside" experts (including a
former Chairman of the JCS, Admiral Jeremiah), and will particularly
focus on new technologies in relation to new threats.
The second panel will be chaired by Joan Dempsey, the
current Deputy Director of Central Intelligence for Intelligence
Community Management. It will be composed of up to ten "internal"
representatives from the Intelligence Community agencies, and will
focus on assessing current capabilities in the projected environment
of the new millennium.
NSA Modernization Program
Proceeds
The proliferation of information technology and wireless
communications in the 1990s has made it more difficult for NSA to
perform its mission. Because of the explosion in information
technology, NSA receives more and different data than ever before,
and the agency must increase its data processing capabilities
significantly. As the Director NSA, Lt. Gen. Michael Hayden has
articulated inmany a forum, modernizing the NSA computer
infrastructure is the answer.
NSA took the first step in its $10 billion modernization
program on April 2, awarding three concept study contracts for
Project Trailblazer, a five-year, $57 million contract for systems
engineering and technical assistance to NSA. Trailblazer is intended
to provide a blueprint for modernizing the agency's signals
intelligence capabilities, NSA's primary mission.
In late July NSA will complete the first part of its
modernization program when it also awards a contract for Project
Groundbreaker. This project will create a computer infrastructure to
enhance the processing of intelligence information. Project
Groundbreaker was delayed three months by acquisition reforms and a
sometimes reluctant work force, as reportedly, middle management at
NSA does not always agree with the course taken by the leadership,
particularly in respect to the commercial out-sourcing of much that
was done in-house before.
Net espionage stirs Cold-War
tensions
WASHINGTON -- Fears of Cold War tensions are finding new
life in cyberspace, as the threat of Internet espionage shifts the
nuclear-age doctrine of "mutually assured destruction" to that of
mutually assured disruption.
In one
long-running operation, the subject of a U.S. spy investigation
dubbed "Storm Cloud," hackers traced back to Russia were found to
have been quietly downloading millions of pages of sensitive data,
including one colonel's entire e-mail inbox. During three years,
most recently in April, government computer operators have
watched--often helplessly--as reams of electronic documents flowed
from Defense Department computers, among others. The heist is
"equivalent to a stack of printed copier paper three times the
height of the Washington Monument," says Air Force Maj. Gen. Bruce
Wright of the Air Intelligence Agency.
China and Russia pose the deepest threats because their
technology research is the most advanced, U.S. officials say. But
some senior officials worry that it doesn't take a superpower to
hack into a nation's sensitive computer networks. Moreover, there
are complicated legal issues about how and when to launch
counterstrikes.
A teenager or a terrorist?
It is often impossible for
government or corporate victims to know whether an attacker is a
teenager or terrorist, a rival company or a foreign government--and
those distinctions make all the difference in how the U.S.
government reacts. Even in the Storm Cloud case, officials can't
answer for certain whether a foreign government or rogue hackers are
involved.
Both pose dangers. A federal advisory
panel, the Defense Science Board, reported in March that the
Pentagon "cannot today defend itself from an information operations
attack by a sophisticated, nation-state adversary." Security testers
at the Pentagon's National Security Agency routinely hack into U.S.
military networks--and without the Pentagon noticing 99 percent of
the time, the board found.
But the Central
Intelligence Agency says hacking by foreign governments, as opposed
to individuals, is the biggest threat. "Only government-sponsored
programs are developing capabilities with the future prospect of
causing widespread, long-duration damage to U.S. critical
infrastructures," says Lawrence Gershwin, head of the CIA's
intelligence on technology. He calls terrorists, for example, a
"limited" Internet threat. "Bombs still work better than bytes."
The Storm Cloud case, which involved several
military and law-enforcement agencies and descended from an FBI
investigation called "Moonlight Maze," isn't the only illustration
of the threat from overseas. After a U.S. spy plane collided with a
Chinese jet in May, Chinese activists vandalized or shut hundreds of
U.S. Web sites, including that of the White House. Last fall, a
hacker accessed software blueprints at Microsoft Corp.; detectives
believe the hacker used software from Asia and transferred data back
to an anonymous e-mail account in Russia.
So far,
the government's response has been disjointed; cooperation has been
slow to evolve among various U.S. agencies, corporations and foreign
governments. A 1998 presidential order made the Federal Bureau of
Investigation's National Infrastructure Protection Center the "focal
point" for collecting data about threats. But the FBI center
sometimes can't share information with the president's
cyber-security adviser unless the Justice Department approves.
Meanwhile, the White House budget office instructed agencies to
report Internet attacks to the General Services Administration.
The Storm Cloud case has highlighted all these
issues. The attackers often covered their tracks using a modified
software tool called "Loki," after a mischievous Nordic god; the
software makes break-ins look like innocent Web browsing. Victims
include the Defense Department's high-performance computer labs,
where researchers use some of the world's fastest supercomputers to
predict how air flows around a jet or how a missile penetrates
armor. Weeks after the first attacks, an insider newsletter at one
lab, the Aeronautical Systems Center at Wright-Patterson Air Force
Base, conceded, "We accept that we can never be completely secure."
Investigators insist nothing classified was stolen though the data
were sensitive and commercially valuable.
Suspicious file transfers tripped sensors at
Wright-Patterson in early 1998. But it wasn't until months later,
after intrusions into other computer labs, that officials realized
the attacks were connected. The hackers were particularly clever:
Officials found software sensors inside federal computers that
modified a private Web site in Britain whenever new documents were
available. The hackers would view the Web site to see if it had
changed and therefore didn't have to risk detection by checking
themselves. Investigators believe hackers installed eavesdropping
"sniffer" software as early as 1997 at universities, including
Louisiana State University, in Baton Rouge, and the University of
Cincinnati in Ohio, where professors working on defense projects
connect via the Internet to military labs. The hackers then posed
online as those professors to steal data and pilfer more passwords.
Only after the attacks were noted were outside researchers
instructed to use some encryption.
The Pentagon
then ordered all defense employees to change their computer
passwords. The intruders even stole that memorandum, investigators
suspect, and accordingly changed the passwords for the military
accounts they had hacked.
Investigators traced the break-ins
to three commercial Internet-service providers in Moscow. But the
riddle remained: Who was at the keyboard? Russia's government, or
rogue hackers? The State Department last year formally pressed
Russia--where laws subject almost all electronic communications to
government monitoring--for help. A spokesman for Russia's
intelligence service denies culpability, adding that if the
government had organized the hacking, it would have done a better
job hiding its tracks.
How to respond to
attacks?
Such uncertainties
raise crucial legal and diplomatic questions about how to respond.
When does the U.S. hack back, and how? If the hackers are civilians,
they are deemed "unlawful combatants" and criminals under U.S. law.
But if a government is involved, the U.S. would weigh a retaliatory
cyberstrike, says military spokesman Barry Venable.
The agency that
chiefly defends the military's computers changed its role this
spring to include offensive attacks. It expects to triple its staff
to nearly 150 in the next two years, and a draft Pentagon budget
projects spending on computer warfare to increase by $400 million
next year, and by $3.5 billion over the next seven years.
The FBI tried a
similar hack-back approach. In April, a grand jury in Seattle
indicted two Russian computer experts accused of hacking into dozens
of U.S. banks and e-commerce sites, and then demanding money for not
publicizing the break-ins. FBI agents, posing as potential customers
from a mock company called Invita Computer Security, last November
had lured the Russians to Seattle and asked the pair for a hacking
demonstration. The agents secretly recorded every keystroke with
commercial software available to anyone for $99.
Days later, using one man's password, "cfvlevfq,"
the FBI connected to the Russians' own computers overseas and
downloaded 781 megabytes of data. Only then did they obtain a search
warrant for the files. A U.S. judge condoned the tactic in a
pretrial ruling, partly because the searched computers were in
Russia.
Sen. Robert Bennett, a Utah Republican
who is one of Congress's technology experts, says the ability to
counterstrike should help discourage serious attacks from those who
can be hit back. "The U.S. is the most vulnerable society because
we're the most wired in the world," he said. "On the other hand,
we're probably the most capable to wage this kind of warfare if
someone were to provoke us."
Bush facing EU condemnation over spy
network
Members of the European Parliament were last night due to
vote to finalize a report that condemns the use of the United States
and British-run Echelon international communications surveillance
system as a breach of privacy, sovereignty and human rights. The
special report, expected to be adopted overwhelmingly by the
parliament in September, calls for the European Convention on Human
Rights to be amended to enforce the privacy of international
communications at the same standard as that which applies to
national communications. It also demands that the British and German
governments enforce their legal and treaty obligations to ensure
proper supervision and accountability for secret US surveillance
operations conducted from their territory.
ECHELON Publicity in Japan
A Japanese newspaper featured an article on a "U.S.-led
spy network" intercepting Japanese diplomatic communications for 20
years to keep track of Tokyo's economic activities. The information
was attributed to a New Zealand researcher named Nicky Hagger. The
network, reported as "Echelon," was said to have focused on
communications pertaining to trade and fishing as well as on ships
transporting plutonium in the South Pacific. The article did not
elaborate on the plutonium shipments, but Japan, which depends on
nuclear power for about 30 percent of its electricity needs,
periodically imports shipments of a uranium oxide and plutonium
mixture (MOX) from Europe.
New Zealand's Government Communications Security Bureau
was said to use its Waihopai signals base to intercept
communications sent via satellite from the Japanese Embassy back to
Toyo and vice versa. The information then was supposedly sent to
NSA.
Media reports have alleged that the Echelon
network (said to include the US, Britain, Canada, Australia and New
Zealand), was set up at the beginning of the Cold War for
intelligence-gathering and has grown into a current network of
intercept stations across the globe. European media reports have
suggested that Echelon has listened in to vast numbers of telephone
calls, fax transmissions and e-mails, prompting concern over privacy
violations and allegations of industrial espionage. U.S. officials
have never publicly confirmed the network exists and deny that the
United States engages in industrial espionage. New Zealand
government officials said they never comment on intelligence
matters.
This newspaper report, causing a public
reaction in Japan, comes just before the European Union is slated to
vote its recommendations on the so-called Echelon case.
CIA says it can't keep up with
hackers
WASHINGTON--Despite a major increase in intelligence
efforts dedicated to computer security, attackers still develop new
tools and techniques faster than the CIA can keep up, a top CIA
official told Congress.
Often, "we end up detecting (an attack) after it's
happened," said Lawrence K. Gershwin, the CIA's top adviser on
science and technology issues. "I don't feel very good about our
ability to anticipate." Gershwin told the Joint Economic Committee
that foreign governments will be the most potent threat to U.S.
computers for the next five to 10 years, rather than terrorists or
lone troublemakers.
So far, he said, individual
hackers don't have the skills or the motive to make major attacks
against U.S. infrastructure such as the telephone system or
financial networks. And since terrorists want immediate and
predictable results, they will stick with their current attacks for
the foreseeable future.
"Terrorists really like
to make sure that what they do works," Gershwin said. "They do very
nicely with explosions, so we think largely they're working on
that."
Still, Gershwin warned that a terrorist
organization could surprise intelligence officers and mount a
cyberattack within the next six months.
The
committee focused on the vulnerabilities faced because of the lack
of coordination between the public and private sector. Even though
the government uses commercial networks, and vice versa, there still
is little information shared, and attackers could exploit that
split.
"When a commander at the Pentagon tries to
call a commander in the field," said Sen. Robert Bennett, R-Utah,
"he's connecting with Verizon."
Gershwin said
this reliance on private networks could mean a foreign power could
install a backdoor into government systems.
"While we may be working with American companies
on issues at some point, there are contracts and subcontracts,"
Gershwin said. "It gets hard to tell who's doing the work for
you."
Gershwin and other legislators said they would like to
see more cooperation between businesses and government, similar to
the activity geared toward beating the Y2K bug.
There is some public-private collaboration. The
FBI's InfraGard program, for example, lets the agency and tech
companies alert one another to attacks. But there is still distrust,
as companies don't want to share their vulnerabilities with other
companies or see them reported publicly, and the government holds
back its secrets.
"I'd like to think we can work
on that collaboration now," said Rep. Adam Putnam, R-Fla., "rather
than when there's a crisis."
Spy Mania May Have A
Downside
The spy mania in Russian society today has allowed the
security services to act in ways they have not been able to since
before the demise of the USSR, "Vremya novostei" reported on 27
June. That is because they are easily able to convince the public
that any charges they bring are true. But they may be losing one
important supporter, namely the president. The paper cited Putin's
recent observation that "both the Russian and U.S. secret services
are performing badly. They are not doing anything interesting. They
are only interfering. Their main activity is to inform the political
authorities, but I believe that they are doing very little to
neutralize real threats. The Western security services call this
'making waves.' This expression can be applied to our secret
services as well."
CIS States to Set Up
Anti-Terror Center
MOSCOW. The CIS summit to be held in Sochi August 1
through 3 will discuss the possibility of founding an anti-terror
centre with the Commonwealth of Independent States, CIS Executive
Secretary Yuri Yarov told reporters on Wednesday. He said that under
review will also be the problem of creating a free trade zone.
According to Yarov, the agenda of the meeting will be
rather busy, yet flexible.
Russia, China Working on Cyber
Warfare
WASHINGTON - Russia and China appear to be developing
computer-baed tools with the potential to do long-lasting harm to
the U.S. economy, a top intelligence official told Congress on
Thursday. Such arms will give future foes new leverage over the
United States, including a way to ratchet up pressure and the
prospect of anonymity, said Lawrence Gershwin, the national
intelligence officer for science and technology.
Testifying before the Joint Economic Committee, Gershwin
cited what he called some nations' public acknowledgment of the role
cyber attacks would play as the "next wave of military
operations."
"We've certainly seen that from
countries such as China and Russia," he said. While he mentioned no
other states by name, he said a "fair number" had "active" programs,
adding that most of his information on the subject was
classified.
"We watch them very intensely,"
Gershwin said. "Some of them are aimed at the United States and some
of the others are probably aimed at others."
"For
the next five to 10 years or so, only nation-states appear to have
the discipline, commitment and resources to fully develop
capabilities to attack critical infrastructures," he said.
The United States itself is working to integrate
keyboard-launched attacks and network defense into "all military
plans and operations," Army Lt. Gen. Edward Anderson, deputy
commander in chief of the U.S. Space Command, told House Armed
Service Committee members Wednesday."We need to continue developing
computer network attack strategies through simulations and
war-gaming to improve our understanding of the potential collateral
effects associated with such actions," he said. "Collateral" damages
is military jargon for spillover to civilians.
China Denies Organ
Harvesting From Prisoners
BEIJING - China denied on Thursday it harvested organs
from executed prisoners, including from some not quite dead, after a
Chinese doctor testified to the U.S. congress that he had performed
such operations. Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Zhang Qiyue told a
news conference Doctor Wang Guoqi had fabricated "a vicious slander"
and "sensational lies" for his own personal good. Wang, who has
lived in the United States since leaving China a year ago, told the
House of Representatives subcommittee on human rights on Wednesday
Chinese doctors harvested the organs to profit from foreign
transplant patients.
Cyber Network Intruder Detection
System
Network administrators now have a new first line of
defense in the protection of information assets. Motorola, Inc.
announced a visualization and analysis software tool that helps the
user visually interpret network attacks at a glance and respond
quickly. Because the data is displayed in near-real time, the user
can react quickly based on responses defined by the operation's
security policy. Rapid response can serve to eliminate or mitigate
potential damage to the network.
Tracing Stolen Laptops
Software which pinpoints the exact location of laptop
thieves via the Net was developed by US company zTrace. The software
package activates a tracing technology when stolen laptops are
connected to the Internet. Computer owners sign up to zTrace, then
notify the company if their machine is stolen (a police report must
also be submitted). The tracing technology inside the laptop, which
zTrace says cannot be detected or uninstalled, is then activated the
next time anyone tries to get the notebook online.
Hackers, corporate espionage fuel
encryption market
The amount of classified information being transmitted via
networks is rapidly increasing. However, as e-terrorists attempt
corporate espionage and hacker attacks, military and government
agencies, along with contractors, are propelling sales as they
invest in data and network encryption devices that assure necessary
privacy. According to new analysis by Frost & Sullivan (World
Military and Government High Assurance Network and Data Encryption
Market) this industry generated revenues of $176 million in 2000 and
is projected to increase steadily to $457.6 million by 2007.
Guerrillas Prefer Bombs
Duane Andrews, an assistant secretary of defense for
command, control and intelligence in the first Bush administration,
told the hearing that the United States had lost ground in dealing
with cyber threats.
The Defense Department should be prepared if necessary to
help protect "networks of critical importance" to U.S. economic
security, said Andrews, now an executive vice president of
employee-owned Science Applications International Corp., a major
defense contractor.
In other testimony, Frank
Cilluffo, co-chair of a task force on cyber threats of the
Washington-based Center for Strategic and International Studies,
urged the creation of a White House post to oversee the government's
cyber defense strategy.
Gershwin said "bombs
still work better than bytes" for guerrillas. "But we anticipate
more substantial cyber threats in the future as a more technically
competent generation enters the terrorist ranks."
Although the harm
done by "hackers" is well publicized, they pose a negligible threat
to national-level infrastructures like transportation grids or
financial networks, partly because they lack the skill or motive to
mount a sustained attack, he said.
"National cyber warfare programs are unique in posing a
threat along the entire spectrum of objectives that might harm U.S.
interests," including "long-duration damage to U.S critical
infrastructures," Gershwin said.He predicted computer viruses were
likely to become more controllable, precise and predictable --
"making them more suitable for weaponization."
Senator Bob Bennett of Utah, the panel's ranking
Republican and chairman of the defunct Senate Year 2000 committee,
urged industry to join government in strengthening U.S. cyber
defenses."In an interconnected world, the private sector is on the
front line," he said.
Radar research may help operators see
through foliage
ROME, N.Y. (AFPN) -- Experts from the Air Force Research
Laboratory's information directorate here awarded a $99,039 contract
June 15 to a Utica firm that hopes to help radar operators better
locate ground targets hidden under trees and
bushes.
AFRL officials awarded the contract to Integrated Sensors
Inc. The nine-month agreement, "Foliage Penetration Synthetic
Aperture Radar Enhancements," was awarded under the federal
government's Small Business Innovative Research program.
"Current radars have an inherent problem with 'seeing'
through trees and vegetation that provide cover to vehicles
traveling along the roads," said Jon Jones, program manager in the
directorate's information and intelligence exploitation division.
"The problem with maintaining surveillance on vehicles under these
conditions is they can maneuver in ways that are unpredictable --
like stopping for periods of time or turning directions."
The contract will allow scientists to investigate
radars capable of seeing through foliage and use this information to
fuse with existing systems, leading to a capability to track
vehicles through move-stop-move conditions within the foliage cover,
said Jones.
Jones said two primary radar modes
will be investigated – synthetic aperture and ground moving target
indication.
Synthetic aperture radar develops
radar images of the area to detect fixed targets, like vehicles that
are not moving, he said. Ground moving target indication radar helps
detect moving targets or vehicles.
"Integrated
Sensors engineers will conduct research on algorithms that will fuse
those two types of radar into a composite picture that maintains a
track of the vehicle through the foliage," said Jones.
Beret is here, other Army headgear issues
clarified
WASHINGTON -- With the Army's recent adoption of the
beret, many soldiers are asking what is to be done with their other
headgear.
The answer is nothing out of the ordinary -- at least not
right away, according Master Sgt. Kittie Messman, Army uniform
policy officer, Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for
Personnel.
"When the policy for the black beret
was published, we said the green service cap (or) hat would be worn
for official duties as prescribed by the commander," Messman said.
"At this time, no one will be required to buy or maintain the
service cap (or) hat for ceremonial or official duties. As far as
the garrison cap is concerned, the only soldiers who can wear it are
those who have not been issued the beret."
Because not all Army installations or units have been
issued the beret yet, installation commanders will determine when
their installation will transition from service cap and hat to the
beret, said Lt. Col. Jerry Swanner, chief of personnel readiness,
ODCSPER. The beret will eventually be the standard headgear for the
Class A and B uniform, and will also replace the Battle Dress
Uniform cap in garrison, he said.
The blue and
white service caps will still be worn with the Dress Blues and White
uniforms respectively.
Soldiers who travel from a
unit that has the beret issued will wear the beret while on
temporary duty, Swanner said. However, soldiers making a permanent
change of station move from a unit with the beret to one which has
not been issued the new headgear will wear the garrison cap, unless
the installation commanders allows otherwise.
The
bottom line is that anyone who has a garrison cap should hold on to
it for at least the next year, Messman added
As
far as the BDU cap, it is considered a utility cap and will
continued to be issued, Messman said.
"When
soldiers perform activities that are very work oriented, where the
beret would become soiled, damaged, or where it is just not
appropriate, the commander of the unit can direct wear of the BDU
cap," Messman explained. "Such situations would exist when the
soldiers are out on a field exercise. Normally soldiers wear the
Kevelar helmet but when they are not doing actual training, the
commanders can tell them to take the helmets off and in that case,
they would wear the BDU cap."
Messman gave other
examples of work in the motor pool or on post detail where the BDU
cap would be more appropriate than the beret.
"The beret is not a utility type of headgear," Messman
said. "It is not meant for work activities, and also, we do not have
a lot of them. We don't want them worn in situations where they can
get really dirty. Right now we don't have enough of them to turn in
for replacements."
ODCSPER is currently working on an update
of AR 670-1, Wear and Appearance of Army Uniform and Insignia, to
include specific guidance on the wear of the beret, Messman said.
The revision is slated for release by the end of the calendar
year.
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